The Treaty And Its Times The Illustrated History

Description

The authors have succinctly captured the many multi-layered threads that make up the tumultuous events in early New Zealand. Starting around 1800, the book moves to the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 and finishes with the Northland Wars of 1845. The book tells about the early missionaries, the Musket Wars, events in the political powerhouse of Great Britain, the appointment of a Resident, the Treaty of Waitangi, the start of the Colonial Government, the first Governors, the economy of the country, the establishment of today's major cities, the activites of the New Zealand Company - and slow dance between Maori, the Government and the settlers over sovereignty and land. The long climb to today's nationhood has its origins in these times. The book also gives the detail needed to appreciate how and why the Treaty of Waitangi was written, its robust debate, the signing and its aftermath - and the opportunity to evaluate its relevance today.

Table of contents

Foreword by Gordon Dryden | Maps of early New Zealand 1. A VERY BEAUTIFUL LAND | Maori in New Zealand by 1000AD | Abel Tasman visits: 1642 | Captain James Cook visits: 1769 | Captain Cook and first contacts with Maori | The name of New Zealand | de Surville visits: 1769 | Marion du Fresne visits: 1772 | The British colony of New South Wales in Australia | The sealers and whalers | Early protection for Maori in NSW | Early Maori conflicts | The Boyd massacre | The idea of religion and Empire | The Church Missionary Society (CMS) | Maori religious beliefs | Samuel Marsden: the first missionary | Maori becomes a written language | By the start of 1820 | 2. THUNDER AND THEN DEATH | The British Colonial Office is formed | The threads leading to the Musket Wars | The North Island waterways used by Maori | The Musket Wars begin | Introducing Te Rauparaha | The trade in shrunken heads | The effect of the Musket Wars | Introducing Rev. Henry Williams | The Wesleyan missionaries | The Maori chiefs of Northland | Introducing Kawiti | Introducing Tamati Waka Nene | Introducing Hone Heke | Maori and trade | Sealing and whaling again | The problem of law and British subjects in NZ | Dumont d?Urville first visits:1824 | Baron de Thierry queries British claims in NZ | A New Zealand colony is unacceptable | Calls for British intervention to protect trade | The New Zealand Question | 3. WE ARE A PEOPLE WITHOUT POSSESSIONS | Pride in Britain and the Empire | The idea of the Noble Savage | Early ideas about colonies: Bentham, Mill | and Malthus | Free Trade arguments of Bentham and Mill | The British Colonial Office in the 1830s | Samuel Marsden gives his opinion of NZ | Yate and the 1831 petition to the King | The trader McDonnell adds his voice | Increasing pressure from New South Wales | Increasing public clamour in Britain | The Colonial Office appoints a Resident | 4. DECLARED TO BE AN INDEPENDENT STATE | The role of a British Resident | Introducing James Busby | The appointment of Busby as Resident | The limitations imposed on Busby | Busby and his house | The settler reaction to Busby?s appointment | Busby sets out for New Zealand | Busby arrives in New Zealand | Busby?s house again ? and land at Waitangi | Life as the Resident | The story of Betty Guard | Busby?s flag for ships trading from NZ | A second Resident is appointed | A major initiative from Busby | The 1835 Declaration of Independence | The effect of the Declaration in London | The shortcomings of the Declaration | Waning law and order again | A growing realisation about the Residency | FitzRoy and Darwin write a letter | 5. A PASSION FOR THIS ART | Introducing William Colenso, the printer | The first printing in New Zealand: 1835 | Maori literacy by the late 1830s | James Clendon is appointed US Consul | Baron de Thierry again | Introducing Bishop Pompallier | The Protestant and Catholic missionaries | The missionary influence nears its height | Busby and the end of the Residency | 6. THE FITTEST COUNTRY FOR COLONISATION | The Colonial Office and Sir James Stephen | Introducing Edward Gibbon Wakefield | Wakefield?s systematic colonisation | The rise of the New Zealand Association | The changing political scene in Britain | The 1837 House of Commons Select | Committee on Aborigines | Introducing Captain William Hobson | Hobson?s report on New Zealand | Aborigines have rights in their own lands | Colonial Office opposition to the | New Zealand Association | The 1838 House of Lords Select | Committee on New Zealand | The New Zealand Land Company | opens for business | The influences on the Colonial Office: 1839 | The decision is made to annex New | Zealand using a treaty | The role of a Governor in a British colony | 7. ESTABLISHING A SETTLED FORM OF CIVIL | government | Why Britain was becoming involved | Concerns with commercial colonisation | A more active role is needed | Maori sovereignty | Maori free and intelligent consent | Maori cannot act together as a nation | The possible expansion of settlements | The need to assume sovereignty | Lawlessness and promotion of Maori welfare | Land purchases and titles | Principles of sincerity, justice and good faith | The Protector of Aborigines | The issue of cannibalism | The administration of the colony | The principle of self?funding | The validity of land titles | Hobson is to rely on Gipps | Hobson is to write the treaty | The full text of Normanby?s Instructions | 8. A BOLD PROCEEDING | The NZ Company instructs Wakefield | The Tory leaves London: 1839 | The Tory reaches Port Nicholson: 1839 | The Port Nicholson Purchase: 1839 | More emigrant ships set sail | The Company purchases land in | Marlborough | Britannia, the Company?s first town | The last flicker of the Musket Wars in | the South Island | Support for Hobson from Gipps in Sydney | About Kororareka, Bay of Islands | Opinion is divided over Hobson | About the officials with Hobson | Hobson arrives in Kororareka | 9. IS NOT THE LAND ALREADY GONE? | Wednesday 29th January: Hobson arrives | Thursday 30th January: Hobson meets | with citizens | Friday 31st January: the invitations go out | Saturday 1st February: the first notes | Sunday 2nd February: the Treaty draft | Monday 3rd February: Treaty draft returned | Tuesday 4th February: Treaty draft approved | Wednesday 5th February: the Treaty debate | Thursday 6th February: the Treaty is signed | Friday and Saturday | The Treaty and Terra Nullis | The Treaty on tour to gather signatures | Colenso prints the Maori Treaty | Clendon sends Treaty copies to the USA | Hobson sails to the Waitemata | Collecting Treaty signatures is finished | The history of the Treaty documents | Collecting signatures on the Treaty Sheets | The locations, and number of signatures, | where the Treaty was signed | The Maori Treaty documents today | The English Treaty documents today | Which Treaty is the primary Treaty? | The Texts of the Treaty of Waitangi | The English translations of the Maori Treaty | 10. ON THE GROUNDS OF DISCOVERY | Problems for Hobson from Port Nicholson | Hobson?s patience is stretched | Hobson?s Proclamation of Sovereignty | The text of the Proclamation of Sovereignty | Hobson asserts his authority in Port | Nicholson | The formal status of sovereignty | Sovereignty is formally secured | Akaroa: a test of sovereignty | A voice of dissention: Barzillai Quaife | Hobson starts to govern | 11. A PROPER SEAT OF GOVERNMENT | The path to Auckland | W.C. Symonds and the New Zealand | and Manukau Company | The Ngati Whatoa chiefs go to the Bay | of Islands | Auckland is confirmed as the next capital | Hobson?s early seats of Government | Britannia moves to Lambton and becomes Wellington | Hobson visits Tamaki again | Hobson announces Tamaki as the | site of the new capital | Auckland is established: September 1840 | The NZ and Manukau Company again | Hobson inspects Auckland | Auckland is surveyed and the land | auction is announced | The Bay of Islands Gazette is closed down | The land auction at Auckland | Auckland starts its life | The fate of Cornwallis | The foundation of Wanganui: 1841 | The foundation of Nelson: 1842 | The foundation of New Plymouth: 1841 | The newspapers of the time | 12. RECONCILING CONFLICTING INTERESTS | Early concerns on enforcing the law | The powers of the Governor | The Executive Council | The Protector of Aborigines | The Legislative Council | The appointment of the Land | Commissioners | The appointment of Swainson, Martin and Outhwaite | William Swainson, the second | Attorney-General | Swainson and law | Traditional views of land | Pre-1840 land purchases | The Pennington Award | William Spain, the Land Commissioner | William Martin: the Chief Justice | The limited reach of the law | 13. I HOLD NO ENMITY AGAINST MAN | The crime of murder in the Bay of Islands | Violence erupts in Northland | The trial of Maketu | The execution of Maketu | The aftermath of the execution | One law for all people in New Zealand | 14. FRUGALITY IN ALL THINGS | Hobson?s budget for 1840 | Instructions on frugality | Hobson?s lavish spending | The economy in 1841 | The economy in 1842 | The contribution of Maori to the economy | The fall of Hobson | Looking back on the economy under Hobson | 15. ASSAILED BY THE BITTEREST ABUSE | The settlers attack Hobson | Quaife attacks Hobson | Hobson?s health deteriorates | Conflict in the Bay of Plenty: 1842 | Hobson?s rule collapses | The death of Hobson | News of Hobson?s death reaches London | Hobson?s legacy to New Zealand | The Colonial Office view of sovereignty | 16. THEY HAD KILLED MY WIFE | The Wairau in 1843 | The 1832 Blenkinsop Purchase | The NZ Company discovers the Wairau | The murder in Cloudy Bay: 1842 | A serious situation with Te Rauparaha | The surveyors? houses in Wairau are burnt | An arrest party goes to Wairau | The first shots and the surrender | The massacre at Wairau: 1843 | The widespread effects of the massacre | Initial enquiries into the massacre | 17. PACK UP, ITS TIME TO GO | Introducing Robert FitzRoy | Early reaction to Fitzroy | FitzRoy arrives in New Zealand | 18. GOODWILL AND TRUE CHRISTIAN CONDUCT | The Legislative Council reconvenes | Difficulties in representation | Corruption in the administration | The enquiry into the Wairau Massacre | The Native Exemption Ordinance 1844 | Changes in the Supreme Court | Growing intolerance towards Maori | 19. THE EXCHEQUER IS EMPTY | The extent of the financial problems | Currency and banks in New Zealand | Tackling the problems | Tackling the problems: currency | and debentures | Tackling the problems: pre-emption | Considering pre-emption | William Brown and the Auckland Clique | Pre-emption: the New Zealand Company | Pre-emption: 10s per acre | The downturn in Northland | Tackling the problems: Customs duties | Pre-emption: one penny per acre | The Government is bankrupt: 1844 | The economy in 1845 | Looking back on the past five years | 20. MY HEART IS DARK | Spain?s hearing into the Port | Nicholson Purchase | NZ Company opposition to FitzRoy | Spain?s Taranaki land enquiry | The 1844 Select Committee: Waste land | Hone Heke cuts down the flagpole | FitzRoy arrives in New Plymouth | Moew problems over land | Problems around Wanganui: 1844 | Pressure grows for FitzRoy?s removal | FitzRoy receives the Select Committee report | Problems around Nelson: 1845 | The NZ Company intensifies its attacks | FitzRoy is officially recalled | FitzRoy receives his recall | Captain George Grey, the third Governor | 21. THE COLOUR HAS FALLEN | Maori in transition | Hard times in Northland | Hone Heke extends his power | The lead-up to war | Heke arrives in Kororareka | The flagstaff first falls: July 1844 | FitzRoy sends troops to Kororareka | The prelude to war | The attack on Kororareka: March, 1845 | The sack of Kororareka: March, 1845 | The losses in the fight | The aftermath of Kororareka: | Hone Heke and Kawiti | The aftermath of Kororareka: Waka Nene | The aftermath of Kororareka: in Auckland | The aftermath of Kororareka: the Government | 22. DEEP WATERS | Fitzroy declares war | The troops assemble | British troops attack Pomare?s pa at Otuihu | The first campaign: Puketutu | The attack on the Kapotai pa | Heke attempts to recover his pa at Te Ahuahu | The second campaign: Ohaeawai | Preparing for Ruapekapeka | FitzRoy?s peace proposal | The fortifications at Ruapekapeka | FitzRoy is replaced by Grey | The third campaign: Ruapekapeka | The end of the war in the north | After the war | After 1845 | 23. THE FINAL DAYS | The final days of Busby | Busby?s legacy to New Zealand | The final days of Hone Heke | The final days of Kawiti | The final days of Waka Nene | The final days of the missionaries | The final days of the George Clarke | The final days of the New Zealand Company | The final days of Edward Gibbon Wakefield | The final days of Fitzroy | FitzRoy?s legacy to New Zealand | Looking back: the final time | APPENDICES | Timeline | Suggested reading | Internet resources | Text sources | Picture sources | Index |